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Collection has never been a problem, the challenge has always been processing, analysis, and sharing

 

Knowledge can be enormously costly, and is often scattered in widely uneven fragments, too small to be individually usable in decision making. The communication and coordination of these scattered fragments of knowledge is one of the basic problems – perhaps the basic problem – of any society.

Orchestration

Sharing and Collaboration

Sharing institutional knowledge can be a significant challenge for many organizations. This is especially true in organizations that are of considerable size and transient.

In order to keep an organization moving along smoothly, it is essential to make sure that people in the organization have a place to store the knowledge that they have garnered, and for others to be able access it easily. How knowledge is passed within and outside of an organization is the organization’s knowledge flow. The process of enabling knowledge flow to enhance shared understanding, learning, and decision-making is called Knowledge Management. 

Good knowledge flow, through and among the people in an organization, is critical to create shared understanding and increase collaboration and interaction within the organization itself, as well as with other organizations.
Like a river, knowledge flows find their own way, but can also be guided, blocked, and diverted. Organizations have people who build the 'river bed' for the future and those who guide the flow on a daily basis.

As an organization changes, blocks and diversions may become necessary to maintain a working knowledge flow.  Successful teamwork relies on a working knowledge flow to share knowledge and increasing collaboration.

Knowledge Application

An important aspect of the knowledge-based concept is that the source of competitive advantage resides in the application of the knowledge rather than in the knowledge itself. 

Although there are challenges with applying existing knowledge, IT can have a positive influence on knowledge application.
IT can enhance knowledge integration and application by facilitating the capture, updating, and accessibility of organizational knowledge assets. IT can also enhance the speed of knowledge integration and application by codifying and automating organizational routines.

Workflow automation systems are examples of IT applications that reduce the need for communication and coordination and enable more efficient use of organizational routines through timely and automatic routing of work-related documents, information, rules, and activities.

Sharing Flows of Knowledge

The existing key applications of knowledge management are based on a model that regards knowledge management’s primary role as the sharing of knowledge throughout the organization in a way that each individual or group understands the knowledge with sufficient depth and in sufficient context as to apply it effectively in decision making and innovation.

Intermediation is the connection between knowledge and people. It refers to the brokerage function of bringing together those who seek a certain piece of knowledge with those who are able to provide that piece of knowledge. It is a fundamental step in internal and external responsiveness.

Externalization is the connection of knowledge to knowledge. It refers to the process of capturing knowledge in an external repository and organizing the knowledge according to some classification framework or ontology.

Internalization is the connection of knowledge to query. It is the extraction of knowledge from an externalized repository, and filtering it to provide personal relevance to the knowledge seeker. It reshapes the knowledge base specifically to address the focal point of the query issuer.

Cognition is the linking of knowledge to process. It is the process of making or mapping decisions based on available knowledge. Cognition is the application of knowledge that has been exchanged through the preceding functions. In its simplest form, cognition is achieved by applying experience to determine the most suitable outcome to an unprecedented event, opportunity or challenge

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